Pipeline Testing Equipment | Test Balls, Plugs & Smoke Testing

Every pipe laid in the ground carries an implicit promise — that it will contain what it's supposed to contain, keep out what it's supposed to exclude, and perform as designed across decades of service without leaking, collapsing, or allowing the kind of cross-contamination that puts public health, environmental compliance, and infrastructure integrity at risk. Verifying that promise before a pipeline is commissioned, after it's repaired, and periodically throughout its operational life is the work of pipeline testing — and the equipment used to do that testing determines whether the verification is genuinely reliable or merely procedural.

Pipeline testing equipment spans a broad range of technologies and applications, from the basic inflation test balls and stoppers used to isolate pipe sections for air or water pressure testing, to sophisticated smoke testing machines that reveal infiltration points and illegal connections across entire drainage catchments, to precision pressure monitoring systems that detect minute leakage rates in high-integrity applications. What unites all of these technologies is their fundamental purpose — providing objective, measurable, documented evidence that a pipeline system meets the performance standards required of it by engineering specifications, Australian Standards, regulatory requirements, and the operational demands of the systems it serves.

We supply professional pipeline testing equipment to plumbing contractors, civil infrastructure contractors, water utilities, local governments, drainage engineers, and pipeline inspection specialists across Australia. Our range covers the full spectrum of pipeline testing applications from residential sewer connections to municipal drainage networks and pressurised water main infrastructure, with the technical support and national supply capability to back every product we sell. Whether you're equipping a plumbing business to test residential drain connections in compliance with the National Construction Code, outfitting a civil contractor for sewer acceptance testing on a major subdivision, or specifying testing equipment for a water utility's pipeline rehabilitation program, this guide covers everything you need to understand about professional pipeline testing equipment and how to choose the right tools for your application.

Push Camera Australia

Professional push camera systems designed for accurate pipeline inspection and fault detection.

Sewer Camera Australia

Advanced sewer inspection cameras engineered for reliable diagnostics in drainage systems.

CCTV Pipe Inspection Systems

High-performance CCTV pipe inspection systems for precise condition assessment and reporting.

Drain Cleaning Equipment Australia

Reliable drain cleaning equipment built for professionals handling blocked or damaged pipelines.

Pipeline Testing Equipment Australia

Specialised pipeline testing tools to ensure leak detection, compliance, and system integrity.

About Us

Learn more about our inspection technology expertise, industry experience, and customer support.

1. Air & Water Testing

Air and water pressure testing are the two fundamental methodologies for verifying the integrity of newly constructed, repaired, or rehabilitated pipeline systems, and the choice between them for any given application is determined by the applicable Australian Standard, the type of pipeline being tested, the practical constraints of the test site, and the sensitivity requirements of the test. Understanding the principles, procedures, and equipment requirements of both methods is foundational to performing pipeline acceptance testing that produces results that are technically valid, contractually compliant, and defensible if the results are challenged.

Air Testing

Air testing involves pressurising an isolated pipe section with compressed air to a specified test pressure, then monitoring the pressure over a defined hold period to assess whether the pressure loss exceeds the maximum permissible leakage rate specified in the relevant standard. Air testing is the most commonly used method for gravity sewer acceptance testing in Australia because it is faster to set up and execute than water testing, produces results more quickly, and avoids the water management challenges — fill volume, disposal, potential for ground disturbance — associated with water testing of large pipe sections. AS 3725-2007 and the relevant sections of the Plumbing Code of Australia specify the air test procedures and acceptance criteria applicable to different pipeline types and diameters across Australian jurisdictions.

Water Testing

Water testing, which pressurises an isolated pipe section with water rather than air, is required for pressure pipelines — water mains, pressure sewer systems, and force mains — where the operating medium is water and the test conditions need to replicate the hydraulic stresses the pipeline will experience in service. Water testing is also used for gravity sewers in some jurisdictions and project specifications, particularly for larger diameter pipes where the air volume to be pressurised makes air testing impractical and the sensitivity of water testing provides more reliable leak detection for larger potential defects. AS 2566.2 covers the field testing requirements for buried flexible pipelines, including water testing procedures and acceptance criteria.

Equipment Requirements

The equipment required for a complete air or water test setup includes an isolation system — typically inflatable test balls or mechanical plugs — to seal the pipe section being tested from the rest of the pipeline system, a pressurisation source and connection fitting, a calibrated pressure gauge or electronic pressure monitoring device, and a timing mechanism for recording the hold period. For air testing of sewer lines, a compressed air supply — either a portable compressor or a compressed air cylinder — connects to the test fitting through a pressure regulator and an isolation valve that allows the test pressure to be established and then isolated from the supply during the monitoring period. The quality of every component in this chain affects the reliability of the test result, and using calibrated, fit-for-purpose equipment rather than improvised alternatives is what produces test results that stand up to scrutiny.

Pressure Gauges

Pressure gauges used in pipeline testing must be appropriate in range and accuracy for the test pressures involved. A gauge with a full-scale range significantly above the test pressure produces readings that are imprecise at the test pressure level and may fail to detect leakage rates that fall within the acceptance criteria. Professional pipeline testing practice uses gauges whose full-scale range is approximately twice the anticipated test pressure, ensuring that the test pressure reading occupies a meaningful portion of the gauge scale and that small pressure losses are detectable with the required precision. Electronic pressure loggers that record pressure continuously throughout the test period provide a more detailed and verifiable record of test performance than a single observed gauge reading, and are increasingly preferred for formal acceptance testing where a documented pressure record is required.

Temperature Effects

Temperature effects on air test results are a source of variability that professional pipeline testers understand and account for. Air pressure in a sealed pipe section changes with temperature — a temperature increase raises pressure, a decrease lowers it — in a way that is unrelated to actual leakage. Testing in conditions of rapidly changing ambient temperature, or on pipe sections exposed to direct sunlight that warms the pipe wall while the air inside is at a different temperature, can produce test results that appear to show leakage when none exists or mask actual leakage behind temperature-driven pressure increases. Professional testing practice includes an equalisation period before the formal test begins, allowing the air temperature within the pipe to stabilise, and accounts for temperature variation in the interpretation of test results.

Documenting Test Results

Documenting test results to the standard required by engineers, certifiers, local authorities, and water utilities is a component of the testing process that field operators sometimes underestimate. A test that produces a passing result but is not adequately documented is professionally and legally indistinguishable from a test that wasn't performed at all. Professional test records should document the pipeline section tested, its location, length, diameter, and material, the test method and applicable standard, the test pressure, the hold period, the observed pressure loss or leakage volume, the acceptance criteria, the result, the equipment used including gauge identification and calibration status, environmental conditions, and the identity and qualification of the operator. Test record templates that systematically capture all required information should be part of every testing contractor's standard operating procedure.

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2. Test Balls & Plugs

Test balls and plugs are the physical isolation devices that make pipeline testing possible — the components inserted into a pipe to seal off the section being tested from the rest of the pipeline system, allowing pressure to be applied and contained within the defined test boundary. The variety of test ball and plug configurations available in the professional market reflects the enormous diversity of pipe sizes, materials, access conditions, and testing requirements encountered across Australia's pipeline infrastructure, and selecting the right isolation device for each application is as important as any other aspect of the testing setup.

Inflatable Test Balls

Inflatable test balls — rubber bladders that are inserted into the pipe in a deflated state and then inflated with air or water to seal against the pipe wall — are the most widely used isolation device for sewer and drainage testing applications. Their key practical advantage is the ability to insert them through an access point smaller than the pipe diameter, navigate them to the desired sealing location within the pipe, and then inflate them in situ to achieve a gas-tight seal. This characteristic makes them particularly useful for sealing pipe sections from within — at junctions, at bends, or at intermediate locations within a run — rather than only from the open ends of the section being tested.

The inflation pressure, contact pressure against the pipe wall, and the resulting sealing force of an inflatable test ball are determined by the ball diameter relative to the pipe diameter, the inflation pressure applied, and the material properties of the ball's outer membrane. Professional test balls are designed to achieve an adequate sealing contact pressure across the range of pipe diameters they are rated for — typically spanning a range of two or three nominal pipe sizes — while maintaining the ability to be deflated and retrieved after the test without being locked in place by excessive contact pressure. Balls used beyond their rated diameter range may fail to seal adequately; balls in very small pipes relative to their diameter may be difficult or impossible to retrieve after deflation.

Mechanical Plugs

Mechanical plugs — devices that use a mechanical compression mechanism rather than pneumatic inflation to expand a sealing element against the pipe wall — are the preferred isolation device for applications where precise pressure resistance, high-pressure testing, or repeated use without monitoring of inflation pressure is required. Mechanical plugs are available in configurations for sealing from the pipe end, sealing within the pipe bore, and sealing at pipe junctions. Their mechanical expansion mechanism provides a positive, fixed sealing force that doesn't depend on maintaining a specific inflation pressure, making them more reliable for sustained pressure hold tests and for test pressures that would require correspondingly high inflation pressures in an inflatable ball.

Bypass Test Plugs

Bypass test plugs combine a sealing element with a flow passage that allows testing of a pipe section while maintaining flow through the isolated section — a configuration used in live sewer testing where the pipe section cannot be taken out of service for testing and a bypass arrangement is not practical. The bypass fitting in the plug allows flow from upstream to pass through the plug to downstream while the plug seals the annular space around the pipe bore, permitting the pipe wall and joints in the test section to be tested without stopping flow. These specialised plugs are essential for maintenance testing programs on operational sewer networks where the operational disruption of complete flow isolation would be unacceptable.

High-Pressure Test Plugs

Test plugs for pressurised pipeline testing — water mains, pressure sewer rising mains, and similar applications — are specified to pressure ratings that exceed the maximum test pressure that will be applied, with appropriate safety margins that account for the potential consequences of plug failure under pressure. High-pressure test plugs use mechanical end-sealing designs with positive mechanical retention against blow-out, and are designed for use with safety chains or cables that provide a secondary retention mechanism in the event of plug failure. The safety implications of plug blow-out in a high-pressure test are serious, and the specification and use of appropriately rated plugs with proper safety restraints is non-negotiable in pressure pipeline testing.

Sizing & Selection

Sizing and selection of test balls and plugs requires accurate knowledge of the internal diameter of the pipe to be tested rather than simply its nominal diameter. Nominal pipe sizes in different materials and different pipeline systems may have significantly different internal diameters — the nominal 100mm sewer pipe in vitrified clay has a different internal diameter from a nominal 100mm PVC pipe, which differs again from a 100mm ductile iron fitting. Using a test ball or plug sized for the nominal diameter without checking the actual internal diameter of the specific pipe material can result in inadequate sealing, damage to the pipe, or inability to retrieve the plug after testing. Our technical team can advise on the appropriate product for specific pipe materials and nominal sizes to ensure correct selection before the equipment is deployed on site.

3. Smoke Testing Machines

Smoke testing is one of the most productive and versatile investigation techniques available to drainage contractors, municipal sewer managers, and stormwater engineers — a method capable of revealing in hours what individual pipe inspections, dye testing, and flow monitoring programs might take days or weeks to identify. A smoke testing machine forces artificially generated non-toxic smoke into a drainage system under slight positive pressure, causing the smoke to emerge visibly at every point where the system is open to the surface — revealing illegal connections, cross-connections, structural defects, broken cleanout covers, unsealed inspection openings, and any other pathway between the pipe system and the surrounding environment.

Smoke Formulation

The smoke used in professional smoke testing machines is specifically formulated for drainage inspection applications — non-toxic, non-staining, odourless, and produced in sufficient volume and concentration to travel through significant lengths of pipe network and emerge visibly under the pressure provided by the machine's blower. Modern smoke testing machines use cold smoke generation technology rather than the heated chemical generation methods of older equipment, producing a dense white smoke that is clearly visible against any background without the fire safety concerns associated with heat-based smoke generation. The non-toxicity of current smoke formulations means that smoke emergence through a building's drainage fixtures into occupied spaces — one of the findings that smoke testing regularly reveals — doesn't create a safety incident, only a diagnostic one.

Blower Capacity & System Pressure

Blower capacity and system pressure are the key performance parameters of a smoke testing machine that determine how much of a pipe network can be effectively pressurised and smoke-filled from a single injection point. A machine with insufficient blower capacity may fail to pressurise the pipe system adequately to overcome infiltration points and drive smoke to all parts of the test section, producing false negative results where defects exist but smoke doesn't reach them. Professional smoke testing machines provide blower capacities matched to the typical pipe network sizes and configurations encountered in Australian municipal sewer and stormwater inspection practice, with adjustable flow controls that allow the injection rate to be optimised for different network sizes and pipe conditions.

Injection Connections

Injection connections to the pipe system are made through manhole access points, cleanout openings, or purpose-installed injection fittings that allow the smoke machine's output hose to be sealed against the access point opening to pressurise the system. The seal between the injection hose and the access point is critical — a poor seal that allows smoke to escape at the injection point reduces the system pressure and limits the reach of the smoke through the network. Professional injection adaptors for standard manhole frame sizes, various cleanout configurations, and common pipe end cap fittings are part of a complete smoke testing equipment kit that allows efficient connection to the full range of access points encountered in field operations.

Safety & Notification Procedures

Safety and notification procedures for smoke testing are an essential operational requirement that distinguishes professional smoke testing programs from casual ad hoc use of the technique. Because smoke testing in urban areas involves smoke emerging from drainage fixtures in occupied buildings, road gullies, and garden areas in the vicinity of the test section, the potential for community concern, emergency service responses, and building occupant alarm is real and must be managed through appropriate advance notification, safety assessment, and field team protocols. Professional smoke testing programs notify residents and businesses in the test area in advance, establish communication protocols with local emergency services, and position field team members to observe and respond to smoke emergence points promptly. Our training programs cover smoke testing safety protocols comprehensively, ensuring that operators can conduct smoke testing productively and professionally without creating safety or community relations incidents.

Stormwater Infiltration Investigation

Smoke testing for stormwater infiltration investigation — identifying where stormwater runoff is entering a separate sewer system, or where sewage is entering a separate stormwater system — is one of the most valuable applications of smoke testing technology in the context of Australia's ageing urban drainage infrastructure. Inflow and infiltration of stormwater into the sewer system increases wet weather flow volumes, overloads treatment plants, and causes sewer overflows that represent both an environmental problem and a regulatory compliance failure. Identifying the specific entry points — illegal roof drain connections, overflowing yard drains connected to the sewer, cracked pipe sections where stormwater infiltrates — through smoke testing provides the actionable location information that targeted remediation programs need.

Maintenance & Care

Maintenance and care of smoke testing machines protects the equipment investment and ensures reliable performance across years of field operation. Regular cleaning of smoke generation chambers, inspection and replacement of blower impeller seals, maintenance of injection hose connections, and storage in appropriate conditions between deployments are the basic maintenance requirements that extend equipment service life and prevent the field failures that result from neglected maintenance. We provide maintenance schedules, spare parts, and technical support for all smoke testing equipment we supply, ensuring that customers can keep their equipment in reliable operating condition through proper maintenance rather than discovering problems in the field.

4. Leak Detection Kits

Leak detection in pipeline systems encompasses a range of technologies and techniques matched to the different leak types, pipe materials, operating pressures, and access conditions encountered across Australia's water and wastewater infrastructure. From acoustic listening devices that detect the noise generated by water escaping a pressurised main to tracer gas systems that find pinhole leaks in non-metallic pipes where acoustic methods are less effective, the leak detection equipment category provides a toolkit for finding losses that visual inspection and standard pressure testing cannot directly locate.

Acoustic Leak Detection

Acoustic leak detection equipment works on the principle that water escaping through a crack, joint failure, or corrosion perforation in a pressurised pipe generates a characteristic noise signature — a combination of flow turbulence, impact, and ground-borne vibration — that trained operators using sensitive acoustic instruments can detect and locate from the surface above the pipe. Acoustic correlators are the most advanced form of acoustic leak detection equipment, using sensors placed at two access points on the pipe and signal processing software to calculate the precise location of the leak between the sensors based on the difference in arrival time of the acoustic signal at each measurement point. Ground microphones and listening sticks are simpler acoustic detection tools that allow operators to scan along a pipe route and identify the approximate position of a leak from the intensity of the acoustic signal.

Tracer Gas Leak Detection

Tracer gas leak detection systems use a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen — a non-flammable, non-toxic tracer gas that is lighter than air and diffuses rapidly through soil — injected into the pipe system under test, with a sensitive gas detector used at the surface to find locations where tracer gas is escaping from the pipe and migrating upward through the soil to the surface. Tracer gas methods are particularly effective for non-metallic pipes — PVC, polyethylene, fibreglass — where the soil-borne vibration component of acoustic leak detection is damped by the pipe material, and for leaks at low flow rates that may not produce sufficient acoustic signal for reliable acoustic detection. The combination of tracer gas injection into the pipe and surface survey with a gas detector allows leaks to be located with high precision even in challenging soil and noise environments.

Dye Testing

Dye testing for drainage system investigation uses fluorescent dye introduced into drainage fixtures, surface drains, or upstream pipe access points to trace the flow path of drainage water and identify connections, cross-connections, or bypass flows that are not apparent from inspection of the drainage system infrastructure alone. A dye introduced at a suspect connection point that appears downstream in a different drainage system confirms the connection; dye that appears at a stormwater outfall when introduced into a sewer fixture confirms an illegal cross-connection. Fluorescent dye is detectable at very low concentrations using a UV lamp, allowing definitive confirmation of even small flow connections that might not be apparent from simple visual observation of the receiving system.

Electromagnetic Pipe Location

Electromagnetic pipe location equipment, while not a leak detection tool in the strict sense, is an essential component of a complete pipeline investigation capability because finding leaks is only possible if you know where the pipe is. Electromagnetic pipe locators use a transmitter that induces a signal in a metallic pipe or tracer wire and a receiver that detects the signal at the surface to map the pipe route and depth. For metallic pipes and plastic pipes with installed tracer wires, electromagnetic location provides precise route and depth information. For plastic pipes without tracer wires, ground-penetrating radar may be required to locate the pipe before leak detection survey can begin. We supply electromagnetic pipe location equipment as part of a complete pipeline investigation toolkit alongside acoustic and tracer gas leak detection systems.

Pressure Decay Testing

Pressure decay testing for service connections and small-diameter pipelines provides a simple, equipment-light method for confirming the integrity of individual service connections, meter assemblies, isolation valves, and short pipeline sections where the volume of the test section is small enough that even very small leaks produce measurable pressure decay over a short test period. Digital pressure gauges with data logging capability provide a continuous pressure record during the hold period that documents the test result objectively and provides the detailed pressure-time record that some testing standards require. These compact, portable pressure monitoring tools are a cost-effective addition to any contractor's testing equipment inventory for applications where full pressure test ball setups are not required.

Thermal Imaging

Thermal imaging cameras are finding increasing application in pipeline leak detection as a supplementary technology that identifies temperature anomalies at the surface associated with subsurface water movement from pipeline leaks. Water moving through soil changes the thermal properties of the ground in ways that can be detected as temperature differences at the surface using sensitive infrared cameras, particularly in conditions of thermal contrast between the leaking water and the surrounding soil temperature. While thermal imaging is not a standalone leak detection method for most pipeline applications, it is a useful screening tool for identifying areas warranting more detailed investigation, particularly for large-diameter mains where acoustic methods may have limited sensitivity and tracer gas testing is logistically complex.

5. Pressure Monitoring Equipment

Pressure monitoring is fundamental to pipeline testing, pipeline commissioning, and operational pipeline management, providing the quantitative measurement data that transforms a qualitative assessment — does this pipe seem to be holding pressure? — into a documented, objective record that meets technical and regulatory requirements. The quality of pressure monitoring equipment, its calibration status, its measurement range and accuracy relative to the application, and the format in which it records and communicates data all directly affect the value and defensibility of the test results it produces.

Digital Pressure Gauges

Digital pressure gauges offer significant advantages over mechanical dial gauges for pipeline testing applications, including higher measurement resolution, data logging capability that records pressure continuously throughout a test period, elimination of reading errors from parallax and scale interpolation, and the ability to connect to computers or data management systems for report generation and record keeping. Modern digital pressure gauges for pipeline testing applications provide measurement accuracy of better than 0.1 percent of full scale — substantially better than the one to two percent typical of quality mechanical gauges — and logging intervals adjustable from seconds to minutes depending on the rate of pressure change expected during the test.

Pressure Data Loggers

Pressure data loggers designed specifically for pipeline testing record pressure, temperature, and elapsed time continuously throughout a test, providing a complete time-history record of the test that is far more informative than a single observed reading at the end of a hold period. The temperature record is particularly valuable for air test data interpretation — allowing temperature-related pressure variations to be separated from true leakage-related pressure loss — and the continuous pressure record identifies any anomalous events during the test period, such as a brief pressure spike from external loading or a step change indicating a specific failure event, that would be invisible in a simple pass/fail pressure comparison at start and end of the hold period.

Calibration

Calibration of pressure monitoring equipment is a compliance requirement for pipeline testing in most formal acceptance testing contexts, and a basic professional practice responsibility in all testing work. A pressure gauge or transducer that reads incorrectly — whether through zero drift, span error, or non-linearity — produces test results that are unreliable regardless of how carefully the rest of the test procedure is followed. Professional testing equipment should be calibrated against a traceable standard at regular intervals — typically annually for regularly used gauges, and before use for equipment that has not been used for an extended period or has been subjected to potential damage — with calibration certificates available to demonstrate compliance when required by engineers, certifiers, or auditors.

Differential Pressure Measurement

Differential pressure measurement equipment provides the capability to measure very small pressure differences between two points in a pipeline system — a measurement that standard pressure gauges cannot make with adequate sensitivity for applications where the leak rate is very small relative to the test volume. High-sensitivity differential pressure transducers with measurement ranges of a few millibar or less are used in testing of large-volume pipe sections where even a significant leak would produce a relatively small absolute pressure loss per unit time, and in testing of high-integrity pipelines where the acceptance criterion specifies an extremely low maximum leakage rate that corresponds to a very small pressure decay per test period.

Multi-Channel Pressure Monitoring

Multi-channel pressure monitoring systems allow simultaneous recording of pressure at multiple locations in a pipeline system — enabling pressure profile assessment along a pipeline section, identification of the location of a leak within a test section based on the differential pressure response at different measurement points, and monitoring of boundary conditions such as the inlet and outlet pressures of a test section to ensure that test pressure remains within specification throughout the hold period. Multi-channel data loggers connected wirelessly to pressure transducers at multiple access points provide a powerful diagnostic capability for complex pipeline testing programs that a single-point measurement approach cannot match.

Remote Monitoring & Telemetry

Remote monitoring and telemetry capabilities in modern pressure monitoring systems enable test data to be transmitted in real time from field measurement points to monitoring computers in the office, providing live oversight of ongoing tests, immediate notification of test anomalies or failures, and automatic test record generation without requiring field personnel to manually transfer data from logging instruments at the end of each test. These capabilities are particularly valuable for extended test periods — overnight soaking periods required before some test types, for example — where on-site monitoring throughout the test duration would be impractical, and for large testing programs with multiple simultaneous test sections that benefit from centralised monitoring.

6. Compliance & Standards

Pipeline testing in Australia is governed by a framework of Australian Standards, regulatory codes, and utility-specific technical specifications that define the test methods, acceptance criteria, documentation requirements, and equipment specifications that testing must meet to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements. Understanding and navigating this compliance framework is an essential part of professional pipeline testing work, and using testing equipment that is appropriate for compliance testing purposes — rather than equipment that performs the same physical function without meeting the calibration, rating, and documentation requirements that compliance testing demands — is a distinction that can have significant professional and legal consequences.

AS 2566.2 — Buried Flexible Pipelines

AS 2566.2 — Buried Flexible Pipelines: Installation — is the primary Australian Standard governing the installation and testing of buried flexible pipelines including PVC, polyethylene, and fibreglass pipe systems widely used in water supply, sewer, and drainage infrastructure. The field testing provisions of this standard define the procedures and acceptance criteria for pressure testing of both gravity and pressurised pipelines, and compliance with its requirements is typically specified in civil construction contracts for pipeline infrastructure across Australia. Equipment used for testing under this standard needs to be appropriate for the test pressures specified, and test records must document the information required by the standard to demonstrate that the test was conducted correctly.

AS 3500 — National Plumbing & Drainage Standard

AS 3500 — the National Plumbing and Drainage Standard — governs the installation and testing of plumbing and drainage systems in buildings, including the drainage testing requirements that apply to residential and commercial plumbing work across Australian jurisdictions. Testing requirements under AS 3500 include water and air testing procedures for drain, waste, and vent systems, and the equipment used must be appropriate for these test types and pressures. Plumbing certifiers and building surveyors who inspect and certify plumbing installations rely on test results conducted to AS 3500 requirements as part of their compliance assessment, and inadequately documented or incorrectly conducted tests can result in certification delays and requirements to retest.

Water Utility Technical Specifications

Water utility technical specifications add a further layer of requirements above the Australian Standards for pipeline testing conducted on infrastructure that is to be taken over by a water utility. Water utilities across Australian states and territories typically maintain their own technical standards and specifications that supplement and in some cases exceed the requirements of the relevant Australian Standards, reflecting the specific risk profile, asset management requirements, and operational standards of the utility's network. Contractors installing and testing infrastructure to be dedicated to a water utility need to be familiar with that utility's specific testing requirements and ensure their equipment and procedures are compliant before commencing the test program.

National Construction Code

National Construction Code compliance for building drainage systems requires that installed drainage systems meet the performance requirements of the code, including waterproofness and the ability to be effectively tested. Testing of drainage systems under the NCC framework typically references AS 3500 test procedures, and compliance evidence in the form of test records is an important component of the documentation that demonstrates NCC compliance for building drainage installations. The role of drainage testing in the NCC compliance pathway means that test records have regulatory significance beyond their technical function, and their quality, completeness, and accuracy reflect on the professional standing of the plumbing contractor responsible for the installation.

Environmental & WHS Regulations

Environmental and workplace health and safety regulations intersect with pipeline testing in several important ways. The use of pressure in testing creates risks of plug blow-out, burst pipe, or sudden pressure release that require appropriate risk assessment, safety controls, and equipment ratings. Confined space regulations apply to work in manholes and access chambers where testing equipment is deployed. The use of chemicals — including the smoke formulations used in smoke testing and tracer gases used in leak detection — requires appropriate hazard assessment and management in accordance with WHS legislation. Professional pipeline testing operators should have a clear understanding of their WHS obligations in the context of their testing work and ensure their equipment, procedures, and training reflect those obligations.

Documentation & Record Keeping

Documentation and record keeping requirements for compliance testing reflect the evidentiary function that test records serve in demonstrating that pipeline infrastructure meets the specified performance requirements. Test records for formal acceptance testing purposes should be prepared on standardised forms that systematically capture all required information, signed by the operator responsible for the test, retained in a manner that ensures they remain accessible and legible for the required retention period, and provided to the engineer, certifier, or authority who requires them in the format they specify. Electronic record keeping systems that generate test reports directly from logged test data — eliminating manual transcription and the errors it introduces — are increasingly the preferred approach for testing programs where data quality and documentation integrity are priorities.

7. Training & Support

Pipeline testing is a technical discipline where the gap between competent and incompetent practice is not always visible in the immediate result but becomes apparent when test results are scrutinised, when defects that should have been detected are missed, when documentation fails to meet the requirements of an engineer or certifier, or when unsafe practices result in an incident. The equipment is only as useful as the operator's understanding of how to use it correctly, how to interpret the results it produces, and how to document those results in a way that meets professional and regulatory requirements. Investing in training alongside equipment investment is not optional — it's the part of the investment that determines whether the equipment actually delivers the professional outcomes it's capable of.

Equipment-Specific Training

Equipment-specific training for all products we supply is available as part of our customer support offering, covering correct setup and operation procedures, maintenance requirements, calibration checking, troubleshooting of common operational issues, and the safety precautions appropriate to each equipment type. This training is delivered in formats suited to the customer's situation — in-person on site, at our training facility, or through digital resources that allow self-paced learning for operators who can't attend in-person sessions. Equipment-specific training ensures that new users can operate the equipment correctly from the outset rather than learning through trial and error in the field.

Standards & Compliance Training

Standards and compliance training provides operators with the knowledge of the Australian Standards, codes, and utility specifications that govern their testing work — the specific test procedures they need to follow, the acceptance criteria they're testing against, the documentation they need to produce, and the professional obligations they carry as the person certifying that a test has been conducted correctly. This compliance knowledge is the framework within which equipment operation skills are applied, and without it an operator who can set up a test correctly may still produce test results that don't meet the compliance requirements they were intended to satisfy.

Safety Training

Safety training specific to pipeline testing covers the hazard identification, risk assessment, and control measures appropriate to the physical and chemical hazards of testing work — pressurised systems and plug safety, confined space entry requirements for manhole and chamber work, chemical handling for smoke testing and tracer gas applications, and the site safety requirements of working in road corridors, residential areas, and active construction environments. WHS compliance in pipeline testing is both a legal obligation and a professional responsibility, and operators who understand and apply appropriate safety practices protect themselves, their colleagues, and the public from the consequences of testing incidents.

Ongoing Technical Support

Ongoing technical support from our team of application engineers is available to all customers, providing a resource for technical questions, troubleshooting guidance, and application advice that extends beyond the initial training period. Testing programs encounter unusual situations, challenging pipe conditions, and interpretation questions that aren't always covered in standard training materials, and access to experienced technical guidance when these situations arise is one of the most practically valuable aspects of working with a specialist supplier rather than a general tool hire or equipment sales operation. We encourage customers to reach out whenever they encounter a technical question, and we invest in the application knowledge our support team needs to provide genuinely useful answers.

Calibration Services

Calibration services for pressure monitoring equipment ensure that the gauges and transducers used in compliance testing remain within their specified accuracy tolerance and that calibration certificates remain current. We provide calibration services for pressure measurement equipment with certificate documentation traceable to national measurement standards, supporting customers whose testing work requires documented equipment calibration as part of their compliance evidence. Calibration service scheduling and certificate management support help customers maintain their calibration compliance without the administrative burden of managing this across multiple instruments independently.

Equipment Rental & Trial Programs

Equipment rental and trial programs are available for customers who need access to specialist testing equipment for specific projects without the capital commitment of outright purchase, or who want to evaluate a system before committing to purchase. Pipeline testing programs often involve equipment needs that vary significantly by project — a major subdivision acceptance testing program might justify the purchase of a full test ball set and data logging pressure monitoring system, while a one-off investigation requiring smoke testing equipment might be better served by rental from our managed rental fleet. Our rental program includes fully serviced equipment, calibration documentation, and technical support for the rental period, ensuring that rented equipment performs to the same standard as purchased equipment in professional testing applications.

Long-Term Supply Partnerships

Long-term supply partnerships with contractors, utilities, and testing businesses across Australia are relationships we invest in through consistent product availability, competitive pricing, technical support quality, and the kind of proactive customer engagement that anticipates equipment needs rather than just responding to orders. Pipeline testing equipment is a working tool that wears, requires consumables, and needs periodic calibration and service across years of operational use, and the supply relationship that supports it needs to be reliable and responsive across that entire period. We work to be the supplier our customers call first — not because they have to, but because working with us makes their testing operations easier, more compliant, and more professionally effective.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Australian Standards apply to pipeline pressure testing?

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The primary standards governing pipeline testing in Australia are AS 2566.2 for buried flexible pipelines including PVC and polyethylene systems, AS 3500 for building plumbing and drainage systems, and AS 4130 for polyethylene pipes used in pressure applications. Water utilities and civil infrastructure authorities typically reference these standards in their technical specifications while adding supplementary requirements specific to their networks. State and territory water services legislation and the National Construction Code also establish compliance frameworks that reference these standards for different classes of pipeline infrastructure. The applicable standard for any given testing program depends on the pipeline type, its intended use, and the authority that will accept the completed works, and our technical team can advise on the specific compliance requirements for your application.

How do I choose the right test ball size for a sewer pipe?

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Test ball selection requires knowing the actual internal diameter of the pipe rather than simply its nominal size, because different pipe materials have different wall thicknesses that result in different internal diameters at the same nominal pipe size. Once you have the actual internal diameter, select a test ball rated for that diameter range — most professional test balls are rated across a two to three size range rather than a single exact diameter. The ball should inflate within the pipe to achieve sealing contact around the full circumference without requiring inflation pressure in excess of the ball's rated operating pressure, and should be retrievable after deflation without requiring excessive force. If you're working with an unusual pipe material, non-standard internal diameter, or a pipe condition that might affect normal ball seating — significant ovality, interior surface deposits, or non-circular cross-section — contact our technical team before selecting a ball to avoid sizing errors that could compromise the seal or damage the pipe.

Is smoke testing safe for occupied buildings?

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The smoke formulations used in professional smoke testing equipment are specifically designed to be non-toxic, non-staining, non-irritating, and safe for use in environments where smoke emergence into occupied buildings is a possibility. However, smoke testing of drainage systems connected to occupied buildings should always be preceded by resident and occupant notification explaining what smoke testing is, why the smoke is not a fire emergency, and what to do if smoke appears from drainage fixtures inside the building. Dry traps — fixture traps that have dried out and lost their water seal — are a common entry point for smoke into occupied buildings during testing and should be checked and filled before testing where practical. Our smoke testing training covers pre-testing notification procedures, building preparation, and response protocols for smoke emergence incidents in detail.

What is the difference between acoustic and tracer gas leak detection?

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Acoustic leak detection works by detecting the noise generated by water escaping a pressurised pipe — using ground microphones or acoustic correlators to find and locate the sound source at the surface above the leak. It is most effective on metallic pipes where the acoustic signal travels well through the pipe wall and soil, on pipes with reasonable operating pressure that generates adequate acoustic signal strength, and in environments with manageable background noise. Tracer gas leak detection injects a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture into the pipe and uses a surface gas detector to find where the tracer gas escapes to the surface, making it effective on plastic pipes where acoustic methods are less sensitive, on low-pressure systems where acoustic signals are weak, and in high-noise environments where acoustic background levels limit acoustic detection sensitivity. Many professional leak detection programs use both methods in combination, applying each where its advantages are greatest.

How often should pressure testing equipment be calibrated?

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Annual calibration is the standard recommendation for pressure gauges and transducers used in formal acceptance testing, consistent with the calibration intervals specified in most quality management frameworks and the expectations of engineers and certifiers who rely on test results. Equipment that has been subjected to potential overrange events — exposure to pressures above its rated range, impact damage, or suspected zero drift — should be recalibrated before being used for acceptance testing regardless of when it was last calibrated. Equipment used only occasionally for informal testing purposes may have less stringent calibration requirements, but the principle that calibration status should be known and appropriate for the use to which the equipment is being put applies regardless of the formality of the testing context. We provide calibration services with traceable certification for all pressure measurement equipment we supply.

Can your equipment be used for both water main and sewer testing?

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Many pipeline testing components — pressure gauges, data loggers, inflation equipment — are used across both water main and sewer testing applications. However, the specific test pressures, pipe materials, access configurations, and hygiene requirements of water main testing differ significantly from sewer testing in ways that affect equipment selection. Test plugs used in potable water main testing should be rated for the higher test pressures involved and constructed from materials appropriate for contact with potable water. Pressure gauges should be ranged appropriately for the higher test pressures of water main testing. Equipment used in sewer applications should not be transferred to potable water applications without thorough decontamination. We can advise on the specific equipment configurations appropriate for each application and the considerations that apply when equipment is used across both.

Do you offer equipment packages for new testing businesses?

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Yes. We regularly work with contractors establishing or expanding pipeline testing capabilities to specify complete equipment packages that provide a coherent, compatible set of tools for their intended testing applications rather than a collection of individually selected items that may have gaps or incompatibilities. A new testing business package might include a core set of test balls and plugs covering the pipe size range most commonly encountered in the relevant work, a calibrated pressure gauge and data logger, an air supply system, carrying cases and field accessories, and the training and documentation support needed to start performing compliant testing from day one. We price these packages competitively and can stage the supply to match the timing of work commitments and cash flow. Contact our team to discuss the package configuration appropriate for your testing application and the scale at which you're establishing your capability.